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Digital systems offer a large dynamic range of operation, improving visualization of all areas of the breast and increasing exposure latitude. In such systems images are captured as a digital signal, making electronic transfer and storage of images possible.
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In digital systems, image acquisition and display are two independent processes. Thus, analogue mammography permits high image quality, low patient dose, and most importantly, the ability to detect small, nonpalpable breast cancers. The advantages of screen-film mammography are: high spatial resolution and low contrast sensitivity achieved through improvements in X-ray tube design, screen-film combinations, grids, and film processing. Traditionally, the mammographic image is analogue, obtained using conventional screen-film image receptors as the standard detector. The analogue image is a continuous representation of spatial and intensity variations of the X-ray pattern transmitted by the tissue under analysis. The production of analogue or digital mammography images is based on two distinct concepts of image formation. At present, two distinct mammographic techniques exist:Īnalogue mammography in which the image is recorded on a film.ĭigital mammography in which the image is digitalised. In recent years, advances in screen-film technology and film-processing techniques have contributed to major improvements in the quality of mammographic images. Present-day mammography can be described as a low-dose procedure. Stationary or moving grids are used as in other branches of plain film radiography. As practised now, it normally requires a dedicated X-ray tube with special anode materials such as molybdenum or rhodium, small focal spots, operating at a tube voltage around 25 to 32 kV, and carefully chosen films and screens in dedicated cassettes. The goal of mammography is to achieve the image quality required for a given detection task, while ensuring that the patient-absorbed dose is kept as low as reasonably achievable. Mammography consists in imaging the female breast using X-rays with low contrast (to keep the delivered dose low), but at the same time high resolution (especially used for early detection).
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Early diagnosis of breast cancer plays a leading role in reducing the mortality and improving the prognosis of this disease. Current attempts to control breast cancer concentrate on early detection by means of massive screening campaign, via periodic mammography and physical examination, because ample evidence indicates that such screening indeed can be effective in lowering the death rate. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women.